Catharine Biddle, Ph.D. · University of Maine

My work is about how rural schools and rural communities can both thrive.

Professor of Educational Leadership.

Director, Center for Applied Research on Education and Schools Director, New England Rural Education Hub
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Catharine Biddle
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About

I'm a Libra Professor of Educational Leadership at the University of Maine, where I study how rural schools and communities are responding to social and economic change. I direct both the Center for Applied Research on Education and Schools and the New England Rural Education Hub.

My recent projects have looked at trauma-responsive education in rural schools, how superintendents responded to school building closure during the COVID-19 pandemic, how schools interact with and support student caregivers in recovery, and how to support educator well-being throughout their careers.

My work has been funded by the American Educational Research Association, the Spencer Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Nellie Mae Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Education, and has appeared in the Review of Research in Education, the American Journal of Education, the Peabody Journal of Education, and others.

Position

Libra Professor of Educational Leadership, University of Maine

Focus

School–community relationships in rural places

Ph.D.

Educational Leadership, Pennsylvania State University

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Research

My research focuses on school–community relationships, particularly in rural places. These relationships are often close but ambivalent. I work to situate them within the social, economic, and political realities that shape rural places, and to understand how partnerships can be leveraged to serve both equitable student learning and community development — drawing on the leadership of administrators, parents, teachers, and youth.

The heart, the drain, the catapult and the catalyst

Four stories we tell about rural schools and communities — a 25-minute talk for the Island Institute (2019) outlining key issues in rural education.

Current projects

Rural THRIVE: The Rural Educator Resilience Project

with Gert Nesin (UMaine), Laura Bean (UMaine), Paul Austin (UMaine), Tim Surrette (UMaine Augusta) & Ezekiel Kimball (UMaine)

Rural THRIVE is a set of statewide communities of practice supporting Maine's rural public school educators at three key career stages: early career, teacher-leaders, and school and district leaders. Through ongoing professional development, mentorship, and other evidence-based supports, the project works to strengthen educator resilience and retention — and, in turn, improve outcomes for rural PK–12 students.

Funded by the U.S. Department of Education and the Nellie Mae Foundation.

Read more about this project →

Caregivers in Recovery

with Karen Eppley (Kansas State University)

A qualitative study of how rural caregivers in recovery from substance use disorder experience their interactions with their children's schools and teachers. Rural and blue-collar workers are far more likely to be prescribed opioids, and substance use disorder deeply shapes the school experiences of the children whose caregivers are affected. Drawing on social-ecological and social-exclusion frameworks, the project centers caregivers' own voices to surface barriers to their involvement in their children's learning — informing school supports and policy responses for a perspective largely missing from existing research.

Funded by the Pennsylvania State University and the Kansas State University Center for Rural Education.

National Rural Education Research Agenda

with Erin McHenry-Sorber (WVU), Sara Hartman (Ohio University), Sarah Schmitt-Wilson (Montana State University), Kessa Roberts (Clemson University) & Guan Saw (Claremont McKenna University)

Setting a shared national agenda for rural education research for 2022–2027 — identifying the field's most pressing questions and priorities to guide researchers, funders, and policymakers. [Replace or expand with your own 2–3 sentence description.]

Funded by the National Rural Education Association.

Selected past projects

Addressing childhood adversity in rural schools and communities

with Lyn Brown & Mark Tappan (Colby College)

A long-term research–practice partnership between the Cobscook Institute's TREE program and the Rural Vitality Lab. TREE is a student-empowered, whole-child, trauma-informed approach to rural school redesign that begins by meeting basic needs and expanding mental-health supports. Through a coaching model, teachers and administrators learn the fundamentals of trauma-informed practice and instructional approaches that support the whole child.

Read more about this project →

Community schools in Maine

with Janet Fairman (UMaine) & the Maine Education Policy Research Institute

Case studies of Maine schools using community-school approaches to whole-child support, prepared to inform the Education and Cultural Affairs committee of the Maine State Legislature.

Read the final report →

Leading through crisis

with Maria Frankland (UMaine)

School-building closures during COVID-19 underscored the role U.S. schools play in meeting the basic needs of economically vulnerable families. Using a mixed-methods approach across two states with differing epidemiological risk (Maine and Pennsylvania), this study examines how district leaders adapted basic-needs provision under fiscal uncertainty and imperfect information — pairing a time-sensitive dataset of district practices with interviews of 54 superintendents.

Funded by a Spencer Foundation COVID-19 Rapid Response Grant.

Planning for uncertainty

with Mindy Crandall & Kathleen Bell (UMaine)

An interdisciplinary collaboration engaging undergraduate researchers across education, natural-resource management, and economics to understand the changing needs of rural communities — and how schools can better align education with local workforce needs as rural economies shift away from resource-based manufacturing.

Read more →

Constructing and reconstructing the "rural school problem"

with Amy Azano (Virginia Tech); Daniella Hall Sutherland (Clemson) & Erin McHenry-Sorber (WVU)

A critical review of 100 years of rural-education research on teacher training, recruitment, and retention — tracing how researchers' understanding of rurality and schooling shifted across the 20th century, and proposing amended considerations for what "counts" as rural education research.

Read more →

Youth–adult partnerships for school and community change

with ASPIRE

Four years of collaborative evaluation with an organization elevating youth–adult partnership as a vehicle for student-centered school reform in New England — examining the opportunities and challenges for student voice, and the dynamics of long-term partnership with a community-based nonprofit.

Read more →

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Teaching

Courses I've taught at the University of Maine, across our M.Ed./Ed.S. and Ph.D./Ed.D. programs.

Social contexts of leadership

  • Social Contexts of Education Ph.D. / Ed.D.
  • Social & Ethical Dimensions of Leadership Ed.S.
  • Policy Formation & Analysis Ph.D.
  • Rural School & Community Leadership M.Ed. / Ph.D.

Leadership theory & practice

  • Functions & Theories of Educational Leadership M.Ed. / Ed.S.
  • Interpersonal Dimensions of Leadership M.Ed. / Ed.S.
  • Leadership of Effective Task Groups M.Ed. / Ed.S.
  • The Principal Internship M.Ed. / Ed.S.

Research design & methods

  • Qualitative Methods Ed.D.
  • Doctoral Practicum in Research Design Ph.D. / Ed.D.
  • Inquiry & Evaluation in Schools M.Ed. / Ed.S.
  • Dissertation I–IV Ed.D.
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Publications & recognition

Books

Brown, L.M., Biddle, C. & Tappan, M. (2022). Trauma-responsive schooling: Centering student voice and healing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.
Azano, A., Eppley, K., & Biddle, C. (Eds.) (2021). Bloomsbury Handbook of Rural Education in the United States. New York: Bloomsbury.

Selected peer-reviewed articles

Biddle, C. & Kimball, E. (2025). Education as a rural, public good. Maine Policy Review, 34(2), 264–266.
Biddle, C. (2025). Rural school redesign: Enacting care and mutuality through responsive professional development. The Rural Educator, 46(4).
Davis, Z., Crandall, M., Leahy, J., Bell, K., & Biddle, C. (2025). Not all trails are straight: Residential aspirations of rural, queer college students. Journal of Rural Studies.
Biddle, C. & Brezicha, K. (2025). Personalized learning policy and student voice: A statewide case study. Educational Policy, 39(6).
Frankland, M. & Biddle, C. (2023). "I don't think they know what I do": The role of the school counselor during 2020 COVID-related building closure. Theory and Practice in Rural Education, 13(2), 1–28.
McHenry-Sorber, E., Biddle, C., Buffington, P., Hartman, S., Roberts, J.K., & Schmitt-Wilson, S. (2023). The 2022–2027 National Rural Education Research Agenda: A closer look. Peabody Journal of Education, 98(4), 448–465.
Brown, S.P. & Biddle, C. (2023). Testing a teacher "costs to caring" resilience model to identify burnout mediators. Teaching and Teacher Education, 123(2), 1–15.
Biddle, C. (2022). "We'll probably all be in trouble for hugging a kid": Rural teacher radicalism in addressing adverse childhood experiences. The Rural Educator, 43(3), 43–57.
Bernsen, N., Crandall, M., Leahy, J., & Biddle, C. (2022). Community influences on youth educational aspirations in rural, resource-dependent places. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 8(3), 189–207.
Biddle, C. & Hufnagel, E. (2019). Navigating the "danger zone": Tone policing and the boundaries of civility in student voice. American Journal of Education, 125(4), 487–520.
Biddle, C. (2019). Pragmatism in student voice practice: What does it take to sustain a counter-normative practice in the long-term? Journal of Educational Change, 20(1), 1–29.
Biddle, C. & Azano, A. (2016). Constructing and reconstructing the "rural school problem": Rurality and rural education research over the past century. Review of Research in Education, 40(1), 298–325.
Schafft, K.A. & Biddle, C. (2013). Place and purpose in public education: District mission statements and educational (dis)embeddedness. American Journal of Education, 120(1), 55–76.
More peer-reviewed articles +
Biddle, C. & Brown, L.M. (2020). Banishing "Siberia" and student seclusion: Supporting trauma-informed systems change in a rural school. Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership.
Biddle, C., Sutherland, D.H. & McHenry-Sorber, E. (2019). On resisting "awayness" and being a good insider: Early career scholars revisit Coladarci's swan song a decade later. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 35(7), 1–16.
Biddle, C. & Mette, I. (2019). Using affinity networks to scaffold community collaboration. The Qualitative Report, 24(2), 1186–1197.
Azano, A. & Biddle, C. (2019). Disrupting dichotomous traps and problem formation in rural education. The Rural Educator, 40(2), 1–13.
Mette, I.M., Biddle, C., Congdon, M. & Mercado, A. (2019). Parochialism or pragmatic resistance? Australian and International Journal of Rural Education.
Biddle, C., Mette, I., & Mercado, A. (2018). Partnering with schools for community development: Power imbalances in rural community collaboratives addressing childhood adversity. Community Development, 49(2), 191–210.
Biddle, C. (2017). Trust formation when youth and adults partner for school reform. Journal of Organizational and Educational Leadership, 2(2), 1–15.
Mette, I., Biddle, C., Mackenzie, S.V. & Harris-Smedberg, K. (2016). Poverty, privilege and political dynamics of rural school reform. Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership, 19(3), 62–84.
Biddle, C. & Mitra, D. (2015). Implementing middle school youth-adult partnerships. Middle Grades Review, 1(2), 1–18.
Biddle, C. & Schafft, K.A. (2015). Axiology and anomaly in the practice of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9(4), 320–334.
Schafft, K.A. & Biddle, C. (2015). Opportunity, ambivalence and the purpose of schooling in Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale region. Human Organization, 74(1), 74–85.
Schafft, K.A. & Biddle, C. (2014). School and community impacts of hydraulic fracturing within Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale region. Peabody Journal of Education, 89(5), 670–682.
Book chapters +
Biddle, C. & Zuckerman, S. (forthcoming). Asset-based approaches to preparing school leaders for rural contexts. In P. Grant & J.K. Roberts (Eds.), Asset-based approaches to theory and practice in rural education. Routledge.
Azano, A., Flowers, J., Coady, M. & Biddle, C. (2025). Trends influencing the future of rural education research in the United States. In International Handbook on Rural and Remote Education. Routledge.
Biddle, C. & Frankland, M. (2024). Leading "survival learning": Rural school leaders during COVID-19. In Leading rurally. Routledge.
Biddle, C. (2021). Rural educational leadership. In Bloomsbury Handbook of Rural Education in the USA. Bloomsbury.
Biddle, C. & Brown, L.M. (2021). Trauma-informed education in rural schools. In Bloomsbury Handbook of Rural Education in the USA. Bloomsbury.
Biddle, C. & Mitra, D. (2020). Community advocacy and activism. In Maximizing the Policy-Relevance of Research for School Improvement. Information Age Publishing.
Frankland, M., Mercado, A. & Biddle, C. (2019). Negotiating culturally responsive leadership in remote, rural settings. In Educating Immigrant Children. Routledge.
Biddle, C., Mette, I., Brown, L., Tappan, M., Ray, B. & Strickland, S. (2018). Addressing rural, wicked problems through collaboration. In Making a positive impact in rural places. Information Age Publishing.
Biddle, C. & Mette, I. (2017). Education and information. In Rural poverty in the United States. Columbia University Press.
Biddle, C. & Schafft, K.A. (2016). Educational and ethical dilemmas for STEM education in Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale gasfield communities. In Reconceptualizing STEM education. Routledge.
Schafft, K.A. & Biddle, C. (2014). Education and schooling in rural America. In Rural America in a Globalizing World. West Virginia University Press.
Public scholarship & commentary +
Brown, L., Biddle, C. & Tappan, M. (2022). Student-led social-emotional learning. Educational Leadership.
Biddle, C., Brown, L.M. & Tappan, M. (2022). Letting student voice lead the way. Educational Leadership, 79(9).
Biddle, C., Tappan, M. & Brown, L.M. (2022). Schools should make students' wishes come true. Here's how. Education Week.
Tappan, M., Brown, L.M. & Biddle, C. (2022). Rural Maine families need mental health support. Portland Press Herald.
Tinkham, K. & Biddle, C. (2022). Across Maine, we can do better to connect with our youth. Portland Press Herald.
Biddle, C., Brenner, D., McHenry-Sorber, E. & Azano, A. (2022). Introduction to the special issue on race and rurality. The Rural Educator, 43(1), 1–3.
Brenner, D., Biddle, C. & McHenry-Sorber, E. (2020). Rural education and election candidates: Three questions. The Rural Educator, 41(2), 73–74.
Biddle, C. (2017). Four ways we can all support students in poverty. Bangor Daily News.
Biddle, C. & Hall, D. (2017). How education is failing rural America. Education Week, 36(18), 22–23.
Biddle, C. & Schafft, K.A. (2014). The sameness of mission statements. The School Administrator, 9(71), 14–15.
Selected grants +
2025 · National STEM Teacher Corps Pilot — Rural ASSETS. Co-PI. National Science Foundation, $5,000,000.
2024 · Strengthening Maine's Rural Education Workforce. Co-PI. U.S. Dept. of Education, Congressionally Directed Spending, $3,300,000.
2025 · Project REACH. Co-PI. USDA-NIFA New Investigator Seed Grant, $300,000.
2025 · Rural THRIVE: The Rural Educator Resilience Project. PI. Nellie Mae Foundation, $75,000.
2023 · Rural Routes (Noyce Scholars). Senior Personnel. National Science Foundation, $100,000.
2023 · Rural Teacher Corps at UMaine. PI. Rural Schools Collaborative CATALYST, $25,000.
2020 · Leading through crisis. PI. Spencer Foundation COVID-19 Rapid Response, $49,718.
2019 · Meeting students where they are. PI. AERA Education Research Service Project, $4,968.
2018 · Planning for uncertainty. PI. UMaine Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Research, $25,540.
Honors & awards +
Presidential Public Engagement Achievement Award — University of Maine, 2023
Dean's Service and Engagement Award — COEHD, University of Maine, 2023
Faculty Mentor Impact Award — University of Maine, 2023
Howard A. Dawson Best Research Paper Award — National Rural Education Association, 2019, 2021 & 2022
Distinguished Service Award — National Rural Education Association, 2022
Mark R. Shibles Award — University of Maine, 2017
Invited Author Award — Eastern Evaluation and Research Society, 2015
Critical Language Scholarship (Hindi) — U.S. State Department, 2011

Get in touch

I'm always happy to hear from collaborators, students, and rural education partners.

catharine.biddle@maine.edu
Catharine Biddle, Ph.D.
Professor of Educational Leadership
University of Maine

Director, Center for Applied Research on Education and Schools
Director, New England Rural Education Hub